Antidiarrhoeal, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Symplocos racemesa roxb. Bark

The antidiarrheal activity of the drug Symplocos racemosa was performed in-vivo on isolated rabbit intestine. The effects of crude extract and fractions were observed at different doses. The overall response of the crude extract on isolated tissue of rabbit intestine was decreased in the tone of smooth muscle. Further studies were carried out on different fractions [ethylacetate, chloroform, n-butanol and aqueous] of crude extract of S. racemosa. The standard drugs were also used for further screening of the fractions of S. racemosa. Hot plate, writhing test, formalin test and carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice and rats were performed for determination of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities respectively on S. racemosa bark extract. The results exhibited significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect at 300 and 500mg/kg doses

Assessment of anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer and neuropharmacological activities of Cyperus rotundus Linn.

This article reports the assessment of anti-inflammatory, antiulcer and neuropharmacological activities of crude extract of Cyperus rotundus. The plant exhibited significant property to act as an anti inflammatory agent. In experimental design, inflammation was produced by carrageenan in rats and compare with saline treated and Aspirin treated group. Simultaneously the drug was also observed for its antiulcer response and found effective enough [these two activities were observed at the dosage of 300mg/kg and 500mg/kg]. The anti ulcer activity was observed 41.2% as a dosage of 500mg/kg. Neuropharmacological activities [open field, head dip, rearing traction and forced swimming test] were also observed at 300 and 500mg/kg of C. rotundus extract. The crude extract showed mild decreased in all test and exhibited slight muscle relaxant effect. Powder drug studies and FTIR analysis were performed for the authentication of C. rotundus

Hepatoprotective effect of herbal drug on CCl[4] induced liver damage

Herbs have been a huge source of natural substances used to treat and prevent several illnesses; therefore it is vital to identify the probable toxicity that might take place as a consequence of using herbal combinations. This study was undertaken in rabbits to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of herbal drug in normal and CCI[4] induced hepatic damage. Herbal drug was tested in 3 different doses, each group comprising of seven rabbits of either sex followed by the administration of CCI[4] with herbal drug and saline for 45 days. Liver function tests and histopathological evaluation were carried out at the end of dosing using standards kits. The result shows that normal dose of herbal drug [0.43 ml/kg] possess hepatoprotective effects against CCI[4] induced liver damage in rabbits which may be due to the various active ingredients present in herbal drug combination. Present study also suggests that there was a significant [p<0.05] increase in serum alkaline phosphatase and gamma-GT in animals kept on high dose of herbal drug [10 ml/kg]; however studies on huge number of animals and humans are requisite before reaching to definite conclusion

Terminals chebula retz; spasmogenic and spasmolytic properties

To study the spasmogenic and spasmolytic properties of Terminalia chebula. Diagnostic parameter of smooth muscle activity was used for the determination of characteristic spasmogenic and spasmolytic activity of I chebula. Experimental study. This experimental study was carried out at the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karachi University. From 2005 to 2006. This experimental study was conducted on isolated smooth muscle of rabbit's intestine. Segment of small intestine [jejunum and ileum] was mounted in Tyroid's solution filled organ bath with maintained temperature at 37°C to record dose response activity. It is observed that at the dose of 1 mg/ml there is a slight decrease in the response [0.88 cm 0.035 cm] as compare to control [1.15cm 0.040 cm]. At 10 mg/ml there is a relaxing response of smooth muscle activity [0.85cm 0.08cm] from control [1.08cm 0.125cm]. While the relaxation is prominent at the doses of 20 mg/ml [0.9cm 0.5cm] and 25 mg/ml [0.55cm 0.035cm] from control [1.4cm 0.155cm] and [1.3cm 0.07cm] respectively with [p value 0.05]. The effect of ethyl acetate fraction shows initially relaxation and this effect disappeared after the administration of acetylcholine 1x10[-2] M, but full response of acetylcholine is not produced due to occupancy of muscarinic receptor by the extract. Conclusions: The effect of T. chebula showed a spontaneous decrease in the movement of smooth muscles of rabbit's intestine as compared to control experiments

Impact of herbal drug combination on lipid profile, renal and cardiac parameters

For the past two decades, there has been an increasing interest in the investigation of medicinal plants as potential sources of new therapeutic agents; hence it is crucial to recognize the apparent toxicity that might occur while using herbal medicines. This study was undertaken in rabbits to assess the safety profile of an herbal drug combination. It was tested in 3 different doses for a period of 45 days, each group comprising of seven rabbits of either sex. Biochemical test and histopathological assessment were performed at the completion of dosing using standards reagent kits. The result shows that high dose of herbal drug [10ml/kg] revealed significant increase in serum lactate dehydrogenase, total protein and creatinine [p<0.05]; more over there was highly significant decrease in triglycerides [p<0.005] at the completion of dosing

Differential inhibitory potencies of alcoholic extract of different parts of Dryopteris chrysocoma on inflammation in mice and rats

Phytomedicinal therapy for inflammation is not new and it is highly effective for the treatment of various inflammatory disorders. The inflammation is one of the initial parameter for most of the disorders occurring in the body. The anti-inflammatory potential can be determined by using various techniques. Dryopteris chrysocoma is a male fern commonly found in damp and moist areas of Pakistan. The study was conducted on mice and rats by inducing inflammation with subcutaneous administration of formalin and Carrageenan in hind paw. The results were compared with standard drug Aspirin administered orally in the dose of 300 mg/kg and a decrease in hind paw volume was observed. The intensity of edema was observed in mice after formalin injection and the time of disappearance of edema was observed. In rats the inhibition of inflammation by root, leaves and stem extract was 51.19%, 41.66% and 30.95% respectively after administration of formalin. Similar inhibition of inflammation produced by root, leaves and stem extracts i.e. 57%, 42% and 35% respectively in Carrageenan treated rats. Root extract showed the highly significant results at p

Evaluation of antimicrobial properties of terminalia chebula retz

The use of Terminali chebula in traditional medicine shows that the T. chebula is believed to be effective in relieving bacterial and fungal infection. So T. chebula was studied for the possible presence of anti microbial activities. Different fractions from fruits of T. chebula were screened for the antibacterial and antifungal activities. Antimicrobial properties of ethyl acetate, chloroform, n-butanol and aqueous fractions of T. chebula exhibited different degree of inhibition activity. In the result of microbial assay, we noticed that some of the fractions of T. chebula having antibacterial activity against gram +ve and some of them against gram-ve organisms. Some of the fractions of T. chebula having antifungal activity. Ethyl acetate, aqueous and n-butanol fractions of T. chebula shows antibacterial activity against gram +ve organisms except chloroform fraction. Gram-negative organisms were found resistant to different fractions of T. chebula except Morexella catarrhalis. Candida species and Aspergillus species were found sensitive for antifungal activity of T. chebula